HLA-DPB1 and granulomatosis with polyangiitis: In another study with 150 GPA patients and 100 healthy controls conducted in northern Germany, HLA-DPB1*0401 was identified to be associated with GPA (P = 1.51 × 10-10, OR = 3.91), and DPB1*0401/RXRB03 haplotype frequency was significantly increased in patients with GPA (P = 7.13 × 10-17, OR = 6.41) (18). The result was replicated in an independent German cohort with 108 patients with GPA (P = 6.4 × 10-8) (20).