AQP4 and neuromyelitis optica: An elevated immunoglobulin index or the presence of oligoclonal bands (OCB) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has helped diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS) (2), and the discovery of pathogenic serum autoantibodies target against aquaporin-4 (AQP4-abs) plays an important role in the novel classification of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) (3).