Absent training-induced improvements in women with PCOS have been reported previously; Hansen and colleagues observed improved insulin sensitivity measured by the gold-standard hyperinsulinaemic-euglycemic clamp in healthy women without PCOS, but not in women with PCOS after 14 weeks of exercise training (three weekly exercise sessions; two aerobic HIT sessions and one strength training session) (Hansen et al., 2020). Here, INS is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.