The therapeutic effects of IL-10 were shown in experiments in vivo in which IL-10 gene therapy reduced the expression of fibrosis-related genes including TGF-β, TNF-α, and collagen α1, and also decreased the activation of α-SMA in thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis (Hung et al., 2005). Here, TGFB1 is linked to Hepatic fibrosis.