The alveolar macrophage activation and lung inflammation in HPS patients are associated with high lung concentrations of cytokines and chemokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulation factor) (Rouhani et al., 2009). The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.