BRAF and melanoma: It is well-established that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways are overactivated in melanoma since BRAF mutation leads to uncontrollable cell growth and ultimately develops into cancer (Lim et al., 2017; Faghfuri et al., 2018).