The combined use of Nrf2 inhibitors targeting Nrf2 signaling and ERK inhibitors [e.g., somatostatin analogs pasireotide (SOM230) and octreotide (OCT), or dopamine] plus p38 activators (e.g., cabergoline, bromocriptine, and fulvestrant) or JNK activators (e.g., ursolic acid, UA) targeting MAPK signaling pathways (Lu et al., 2019) might produce better anti-tumor effects on PAs. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is neoplasm.