As for the role of TRAF6 in carcinogenesis, it has been reported that the Ras-TRAF6-NF-κB pathway plays an important role in the oncogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma,70) and that increased expression of TRAF6 is responsible for the development of the 5q−-type myelodysplastic syndrome.71,72). The gene discussed is TRAF6; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.