Flow cytometry was performed to determine the apoptotic rate of HRMVPs (Fig. 11) and the expression of apoptosis regulators, such as BCL2 and PARP1, was detected through RT-qPCR, WB, and ICC (Fig. 8a, b, Fig. 9d, e, and Fig. 12). The gene discussed is PARP1; the disease is intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.