S100A8 and cancer: As shown in Fig. 6b, isolates from patients with cancer had lower levels of hpnc4160 but increased expression of six factors controlled by HPnc4160 (cagA, horB, hopE, omp14, hofC, and HP0410) compared to isolates from non-stomach cancer patients (Fig. 6b, Supplementary Fig. 7b, c).