Pascual and colleagues then applied their modular analysis approach in a subsequent study of 157 whole blood samples from 62 SLE patients; they identified 3 distinct IFN-annotated modules (M1.2, M3.4, and M5.12), which showed different activation thresholds (M1.2 < M3.4 < M5.12) [17]. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.