They also showed activation of IFN, plasmablast, and B cell signatures, even in patients with milder disease activity (only serological or mucocutaneous/musculoskeletal activity), whereas neutrophil, myeloid lineage, and inflammation signatures were only enriched in those with renal involvement, supporting the gradual disease progression model of SLE. Here, IFNA1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.