If anaplastic astrocytomas show an IDH1/2 mutation, postoperative treatment starts with radiotherapy alone followed by sequential chemotherapy with TMZ (150–200 mg/m2/day on 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks) or 4 courses of PCV including procarbazine (60 mg/m2 on days 8–21), lomustine (110 mg/m2/day on day 1) and vincristine (1.4 mg/m2/day, maximum absolute dose = 2.0 mg, on days 8 and 29, every (6-)8 weeks) [12]. The gene discussed is IDH1; the disease is anaplastic astrocytoma.