NFKB1 and infection: The role of NF-kB pathways in Drosophila antiviral immunity is complex and still not fully elucidated; however, the pattern of expression that we see here in comparison to Tris-injected controls aligns with previous findings, where infection of S2* cells with the DNA virus IIV-6 leads to downregulation of AMP genes, despite intact cleavage and nuclear translocation of Relish (West et al. 2019).