Invasive intestinal tumors of cis-Apc+/716;Smad4+/+ mice that exhibited bi-allelic loss of heterozygosity were observed to have marked increased expression of CCL9 and resultant accumulation of immature myeloid cells compared to tumors arising from Apc+/716;Smad4+/+ controls [71]. This evidence concerns the gene APC and intestinal neoplasm.