Figure 8(h) separately visualized the top 20 upregulated and downregulated genes between AF and SR samples. However, there was no statistical difference in expression of AHNAK2, MAML3, MUC4, and PHLDA1 between AF and SR samples (Figure 8(i)). In the GSE14975 dataset, PHLDA1 expression was significantly upregulated in AF samples than normal samples (Figure 8(j)). In the GSE79768 dataset, MUC4 expression was distinctly downregulated in AF compared to SR samples (Figure 8(k)). This evidence concerns the gene PHLDA1 and atrial fibrillation.