Of these approved or conditionally approved drugs, only toceranib (a multi-kinase inhibitor that inhibits c-kit, PDGFR, and VEGFR2), and mastinib (a c-kit inhibitor) can be used as a targeted drugs linked to specific genomic features of a tumor, as improvements in tumor response (43, 238) and outcome (239) have been demonstrated for tumors with an activating kit mutation; however, many targeted drugs used to treat human disease are currently used off-label in dogs (236, 240). Here, KIT is linked to neoplasm.