The thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSP-1) domain is another common domain in CCN proteins and plays strong roles in some biological functions of tumor, primarily through interactions with lipoprotein-related receptors (Gerritsen et al., 2016), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Tsai et al., 2017), diverse integrins (Alday-Parejo et al., 2019), and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) (Neubauer et al., 2017). Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.