Laurent et al. (2003) reported that in glioma, CCN3 triggers a cascade of gene expression resulting in increased cell adhesion and migration. Our group showed that CCN3 is a hallmark in the development and chemoresistance of liver cancer (Holbourn et al., 2009; Perbal and Perbal, 2016) via regulation of cell stemness and the TME (Holbourn et al., 2009; Tang et al., 2019). Table 1 provides a summary of CCN3 expression and functional roles in different types of cancer, and the heterogeneous roles of CCN3 are also revealed in different types of cancer. The gene discussed is CCN3; the disease is cancer.