CCN3 and central nervous system cancer: Laurent et al. (2003) reported that in glioma, CCN3 triggers a cascade of gene expression resulting in increased cell adhesion and migration. Our group showed that CCN3 is a hallmark in the development and chemoresistance of liver cancer (Holbourn et al., 2009; Perbal and Perbal, 2016) via regulation of cell stemness and the TME (Holbourn et al., 2009; Tang et al., 2019). Table 1 provides a summary of CCN3 expression and functional roles in different types of cancer, and the heterogeneous roles of CCN3 are also revealed in different types of cancer.