In SSc fibroblasts, the NLRP3 inflammasome is over-expressed and caspase-1 activity is up-regulated with consequent increased production of IL-1β and IL-18, whereas inhibition caspase-1 and inflammasome activity abrogated the myofibroblast phenotype in SSc dermal and lung fibroblasts (38–40). The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is systemic sclerosis.