anti-CD3- and anti-CD28-coated paramagnetic nanoparticles enable activation of T cells for weeks ex vivoCell membrane-coated magnetosomes with conjugated anti-CD28 and anti-MHC-I can activate T cells and enable magnetic accumulation of T cells in the tumor and MRI imagingMagnetic nanoclusters carrying anti-PD-1 antibodies selectively target the TME by magnetic accumulation, and reverse immunosuppression prior to adoptive T cell transfer. This evidence concerns the gene CD28 and neoplasm.