In models of epilepsy and in lines of mice expressing hAPP or specific hAPP metabolites, chronic epileptiform activity leads to molecular alterations in the hippocampus, including reduced expression of calbindin and c-Fos and increased expression of NPY in dentate granule cells (Palop et al., 2003, 2007, 2011; You et al., 2017; Johnson et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene CALB1 and epilepsy.