It is worth noting that the dystrophic Iba1 positive microglia showing loss of branches and appearance of beading, fragmentation and large swelling (spheroid) at the end of the process which we observed in the brains of severe TBI mice in the chronic phase, have previously been identified in the brains of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease [68]. Here, AIF1 is linked to neurodegenerative disease.