LEP and infection: Lower leptin levels account for reduced lymphopoiesis and impaired production of host protective cytokines, whereas adiponectin is an immunosuppressive adipokine that induces anti-inflammatory mediators, leading to increased susceptibility to infections in increased levels of adiponectin.[9] Similarly, Kartalija et al[22] revealed that patients with NTM lung disease had a lower body fat calculated by the Durnin/Womersley caliper method and that there is regulatory dysfunction of leptin and adiponectin in these subjects.