Dennison et al reported elevated levels of TNF-a in participants with schizophrenia and a history of CM compared to participants with schizophrenia with no history of CM, and controls (mean TNF-a 8.248pg/ml (SD = 0.601), 6.088pg/ml (SD = 0.465), and 3.614pg/ml (SD = 0.331) respectively, F = 11.41, df = 143, p<0.001), in an ANOVA which did not adjust for covariates [60]. Here, TNF is linked to schizophrenia.