GLIS3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: However, at GLIS3, there appears to be a distinct signal in the European study [2] compared with the trans-ethnic and East Asian type 2 diabetes studies (r2=0.65), and the index variants from these two studies are in higher r2 with the type 1 diabetes signal in our analysis (r2=0.68), and even higher r2 with the index variant from a larger type 1 diabetes genetic analysis [1] (r2=0.99), indicating that the signal near GLIS3 does co-localise between type 1 and type 2 diabetes with concordant direction of effect, as previously identified [10].