CD103-positive tumor stem cell-derived exosomes can promote EMT in clear cell renal cell carcinoma where, following miR-19b-3p transfection of tumor cells, tumor stem cells lead to EMT by inducing expression of PTEN. In addition, CD103-positive clear cell renal cell carcinoma in serum samples was associated with the development of lung metastases (39). This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and clear cell renal carcinoma.