As anti-podocyte antibodies are highly specific for primary MN [well-documented for anti-PLA2R antibodies, where the specificity is 98–100% (54)] it has been suggested that the diagnosis of primary MN may be assessed in patients with nephrotic syndrome, normal renal function and positive anti-PLA2R antibodies even without renal biopsy (54). The gene discussed is PLA2R1; the disease is nephrotic syndrome.