While in dyslipidemic rats, increased serum levels of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, and protein carbonyl), pro-inflammatory cytokines (C-reactive protein, interleukin-1β, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α), and eicosanoids (prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, and leukotriene C4) were found independent of age (52), young rats that were also diabetes-induced had significantly higher concentrations of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers (52). Here, TNF is linked to diabetes mellitus.