Isolated dyslipidemia and its associated increase in lipid oxidation and oxidative stress led to a decline of retinal function and severely reduced b/a-wave ratios (27). The potential mechanisms for this damage include microvascular damage, disruption of neurovascular coupling, decreased apoA1 HDL and Muller cell dysfunction (27). While this retinal dysfunction did not alter the visual acuity, this study suggests that the oxidative stress from hyperlipidemia may create conditions in the retina that amplify damage from diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene APOA1 and diabetes mellitus.