Finally, since various types of pathology (cerebral ischemia, aging, and AD-related degeneration) may participate in the mechanisms of WMH progression and cognitive impairment in WMH patients [73], longitudinal studies with Aβ and tau measures are warranted, to reach further consensus on specific GM alterations underlying cognitive decline in WMH and evaluate the clinical value of GM for the prediction of early cognitive impairment in WMH patients. This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and brain ischemia.