Accentuated in liver cancers from Japanese men, signature 16 has recently been related to alcohol consumption among Asian patients with ESCC, on the basis of its association with alcohol drinking and two risk alleles for ESCC that are involved in alcohol metabolism (ALDH2 (rs67) and ADH1B (rs122998)) [18]. Here, ALDH2 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.