A Brazilian cohort study found no differences in lipids, glucose, or markers of insulin resistance at age 23–25 years, despite higher BMI among young adults born by cesarean section.28 In contrast, a study among Danish young adults (age 20 years), birth by cesarean section was related to higher BMI, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and leptin levels.29 To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the association between mode of delivery and systemic metabolic health and inflammation biomarkers in mid-childhood and early adolescence. This evidence concerns the gene LEP and Insulin resistance.