HSF1 and neurodegenerative disease: In contrast, downregulation of Hsf1 and consequent reduction in expression of HSF1 target genes is observed in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases, characterized by toxic amyloid deposits71, and a similar downregulation of Hsf1 and Hsp70 is also observed in this case.