Since TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 are negative regulators of hematopoiesis, while TGF-β2 is a positive regulator of hematopoiesis, the unique isoform selectivity profile of AVID200 makes it an attractive agent for the treatment of MDS-associated anemia. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and myelodysplastic syndrome.