Consistently, an inhaled pan-Class I PI3K inhibitor has been demonstrated to have a protective effect against the rapid, progressive pulmonary fibrosis induced by instillation of bleomycin in vivo [48], by reducing the expression of pro-fibrotic genes, including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) [49]. This evidence concerns the gene CCN2 and pulmonary fibrosis.