AKT1 and cancer: In addition, the signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, proteoglycans in cancer, focal adhesion, the microtubule associated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway were identified as differentially regulated pathways (Figure 4).