Previous studies12,28 have showed that E2 treatment restores the splenocyte proliferation and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-2, and IL-3 release after trauma-hemorrhage in mice, PPT or E2 administration abolishes hemorrhagic shock-induced decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-γ in isolated T-cell from spleen. This evidence concerns the gene IL3 and hemorrhage.