Despite profound physiological stromalGrem1 upregulation, we demonstrate functionally submaximal BMPantagonism after colonic ulceration, as ectopic epithelial Grem1expression in the Vil1-Grem1 model markedly expedited colonicepithelial regeneration, highlighting the potential for BMP pathway manipulation infuture IBD therapeutics. This evidence concerns the gene VIL1 and inflammatory bowel disease.