Previous studies examining the role of Atg16l1 in autophagy and CD have found that mice hypomorphic for Atg16l1 (Atg16l1HM1) and mice homozygous for the ATG16L1 CD risk allele display the same abnormal Paneth cells granulation seen in patients with CD homozygous for the T300A polymorphism (10, 16). The gene discussed is ATG16L1; the disease is Cowden disease.