CLOCK and bacterial infectious disease: Mice deficient in the cryptochrome clock genes (Cry1 and Cry2), show elevated proinflammatory cytokines (Narasimamurthy et al., 2012), and an autoimmune phenotype (Cao et al., 2017), while loss of clock function by deletion of the clock gene Bmal1 was associated with augmented immunity against bacterial infection (Kitchen et al., 2020), all evidence for a close association between circadian timing mechanisms and immune function.