TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis: The upstream mechanism of lncITPF is mediated by the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway, and the downstream mechanism regulates the acetylation of H3 and H4 histones of ITGBL1 gene by interacting with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L. To assess the potential of lncITPF as a therapeutic target, interfered sequence of lncITPF (sh-lncITPF) was applied to an animal model of pulmonary fibrosis, and the expression of lncITPF in clinical IPF patients was detected.