PDCD1 and epilepsy: (1) The expression rate of PD-1+CD4+CD25high Treg in each group was as follows: control group 4.69 ± 2.44, PS group 10.26 ± 2.53, and ISE group 35.95 ± 27.51; the epilepsy groups were significantly higher than the control group; the ISE group was significantly higher than the PS group, with statistical difference (P < 0.05) (Figure 2(a), Table 1.2).