TGFB1 and Crohn disease: Although it was recently reported that knockdown of SMAD7 with a specific antisense oligonucleotide that restores endogenous TGF-β activity is not effective for patients with steroid-resistant/dependent Crohn disease (24), a SMAD7-targeting approach is worthy of being searched to treat patients with insensitivity to corticosteroids in asthma.