TGFB1 and osteoporosis: However, there are a few limitations to this study: (1) This study was carried out in a primary osteoporosis mouse model and mouse pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells, and the phenotype and roles of SPTBN1 need to be confirmed under the conditions in patients with osteoporosis; (2) The corresponding inhibitors or antibodies against Smad3 and Cxcl9 should be used to determine the effect of SPTBN1 in the TGF-β/Smad3 and STAT1/Cxcl9 signaling pathways, as well as in the progression of osteoporosis.