INS and Insulin resistance: Hubal et al. (2017) found that gastric bypass bariatric surgery could not only reduce weight and insulin resistance but also change the microRNA content of circulating adipocyte-derived exosomes isolated from the peripheral blood. Among the altered microRNAs of exosomes, 29 microRNAs associated with insulin resistance changed after surgery; likewise, 48 microRNAs targeting 78 mRNAs were significantly correlated to branched-chain amino acid levels, which are linked to insulin dysregulation (Hubal et al., 2017).