MAPK12 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: For example, mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 (MAPK12) gene, an important transduction factor of extracellular signals, was involved in osteoclast differentiation, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and T cell receptor signaling pathway (Figure 4).