A dose-dependent effect was observed in both PD-L1 positive and PD-L1 negative patients which corresponds with previous findings that low expression of PD-L1 can still lead to responses towards PD-L1 blockade (i.e. the approval of PD-L1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in NSCLC starting at 1% PD-L1 positivity). Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.