Across all these RA- and SLE-associated genes, 14 genes (i.e., pleiotropic genes) are commonly related to RA and SLE (ccFDR < 0.05) (Table 1), four of which (i.e., INPP5B, OR5K2, RP11-2C24.5, and CTD-3105H18.4) are possibly new genes. Here, INPP5B is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.