Since combination of HSP90 inhibitors with either anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1 or anti-CTLA-4 antibodies showed anti-tumor effect in mouse models, combinatorial approaches of using HSP90 inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors or HSP70 inhibitors coupled with anti-CD47 antibodies may further improve anti-tumor response (167, 172). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.