Previous reports suggested there might be two subpopulations of CD11c+ cells in SLE patients based on IgD expression: IgD+ activated naïve cells that produce autoantibodies, and IgD− double negative cells (CD27− IgD−, DN2) that are poised to become plasma cells (3, 37, 38). Here, ITGAX is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.