FABP4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Moreover, circulating AFABP was associated with adverse renal outcomes including renal deaths in patients with type 2 diabetes (98), which could possibly be a result of macrophage infiltration in the glomerulus and interstitium, ectopic expression of AFABP in the glomerulus, as well as AFABP induced increased ER stress in the mesangial cells (99–101).