However, it is to be noted that in Shin et al. (2013), co-delivery of LETM1 with CTMP to tumor cells as a treatment strategy in hepatocellular carcinoma, led to overexpression of both LETM1 and CTMP and correlated with distorted mitochondrial morphology and increased apoptosis. The gene discussed is THEM4; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.